Volcanoes

 What are the main Types/shapes of Volcanoes?

The 3 main types of volcanoes are the cinder cones, composite volcanoes, and shield volcanoes.

Cinder cones- They are built from particles and blobs of congealed lava ejected from a single vent. As the gas-charged lava is blown violently into the air, it breaks into small fragments that solidify and fall as cinders around the vent to form a circular or oval cone.

Composite volcanoes- The other name is a stratovolcano. A stratovolcano, also known as a composite volcano, is a conical volcano built up by many layers of hardened lava, tephra, pumice, and ash. The lava flowing from stratovolcanoes typically cools and hardens before spreading far, due to high viscosity.

Sheild Volcano-A shield volcano is a wide volcano with shallowly-sloping sides. Consequently, a volcanic mountain having a broad profile is built up over time by flow after flow of relatively fluid basaltic lava issuing from vents or fissures on the surface of the volcano.

Note:

Tsunami and Surf Waves

 Tsunami 

A tsunami is a series of waves caused by earthquakes or undersea volcanic eruptions. But as the waves travel inland, they build up to higher and higher heights as the depth of the ocean decreases.

Surf Waves 

The surf is what you see when you stand on the beach and look at the ocean waves rising and breaking on the shore. It's also what you do when you ride those waves. Surf means "crashing waves," but it's also a verb meaning to ride those waves with a surfboard.

Top 3 Countries That Are Prone To Earthquakes

 The Countries They Have The Most Earthquake

1.China

China has the highest number of earthquakes in any country. Most of these earthquakes happened in the southwest region of the country, where the terrain is highly mountainous. The rugged terrain and harsh climate of this region are not beneficial to support high populations. However, due to the poor transportation infrastructure and remote mountainous topography of the southwest, rescue and recovery after an earthquake become an extremely challenging task.

2.Indonesia 

Indonesia ranks as the world’s second most earthquake-prone country. The primary reason for the high frequency of earthquakes in Indonesia is its location on the Ring of Fire. The majority of the world’s earthquakes happen in the Ring of Fire, which encompasses a shoe-shaped area of about 40,000 square km. The movement of tectonic plates in the area, as well as submarine or surface volcanic eruptions, have triggered many earthquakes that have affected Indonesia over the centuries.

3.Iran

Iran has the third most earthquake country in the world and has experienced at least 106 earthquakes from 1900 to 2016. The country exists where the Eurasian and Arabian tectonic plates meet. The Zagros Mountains, one of the world’s youngest mountain range, developed in the area due to the subduction of the Arabian place under the Iranian plate. 

Circuit = Series and Parallel

Science
Circuit 

What is a circuit? A circuit is usually made by linking electrical components together with piece of wire.

Explain differences between series and parallel?

Series: In a straight line.

Parallel: Parallel to  each other.

  Series

Parallel

What is Voltage? 

Is a measure of how much energy the current is carrying.

Series: volts are equally the shared.

Parallel: Volt are  equally the same.

What is Current?

The flow of electrons in a circuit.

Series: The current is the same all location.

Parallel:The current is shared thought out or between paths/components.

Periodic Table

What are transition metals ?any of the set of metallic elements occupying a central block  in the periodic table.

What are Alkali metals ? Shiny, soft, silvery, very dense.

What Noble gases?The noble gases make up a class of chemical elements with similar properties; under standard conditions, they are all odourless, colourless, monotonic gases with very low chemical reactivity.

Dmitri Mendeleev is the person who made the periodic table.

Sicence

What is Acid Rain?How does it form?
Burning of Greenhouse gas ,escape to the air. These molecules dissolve in the water in to the clouds and make the rainwater more acidic than normal.
Why does acid rain matter?
Because acid rain cause pollution and pollution cause disease.

Acid Rain Experiment

• Calcium carbonate
• Leaf
• Universal indicator
• Bromothymol blue
• Blue litmus paper
• Weight boat
• Apple piece 

Method

1.Set up rd dish

*Add a few drops of water to these

2.Add 1 spatula of sodium sulfide to weigh boat

-take starting photo

3.Add up 5 drops of sulfuric acid and quickly put lid on

4.Watch and take photo.

Observation

The blue litmus change red to blue.

The Bromothymol blue change blue to 

 yellow colour.

The universal indicator change  green to red.   

The apple skin turn to yellow and its called a acidic apple 

The air in the petric dish turn to acidic. 

Science

Science 
Neutralisation

Tonight in science we are doing a experiments called neutralisation. We are using universal indicator, Hydrochloride Acid, Sodium Hydroxide.
- by changing colour
The PH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic
   Blue ---- Green ---- Red  = pH scale
Acid ------Neutral-----Base

Universal indicator - use to measure acids and bases.

Universal Indicator - Shows if acid or base 

-All acids contain hydrogen ions and they release them in water. 

*Hydrochloride Acid - What is an acid? 

- it is capable of corroding and dissolving a substance. 

*Sodium Hydroxide - What is a base?

- A substance that, in aqueous, release hydroxide

*What is a Neutralisation reaction?

- When an acid reacts to a base react to form water and salt and involves the combination.

Experiment:

Explanation: We mixed other bases of Acids and find out the colours

Green - Sodium Hydroxide + Universal Indicator + Hydrochloride Acid 

Red - Hydrochloride Acid  + Universal Indicator + Sodium hydroxide 

Orange - Hydrochloride Acid + Universal Indicator 

Blue - Sodium Hydroxide + Universal Indicator 

Light Blue -Sodium Hydroxide + Universal Indicator + Sodium Hydroxide 

Bones

Bones
what are bones?A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton in animals. Bones protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.

How does our body make bone ? Bones begin life as cartilage. As the young baby develops in the mother's womb, the skeletal system becomes organised into a framework of cartilage. Before birth, there is a certain amount of hardening of the limb bones to allow the animal to stand shortly after delivery. However, the greater part of the skeleton is cartilage at birth. After birth, hardening of all parts of the skeleton begins. This process continues throughout life until, in old age, very little cartilage is left and the bones are old and brittle. The process of hardening cartilage into bone is called ossification.

How do they grow/repair? Throughout life, bone is constantly being replaced in the process of bone remodelling. In this process, osteoclasts resorb bone, and osteoblasts make newbone to replace it. Bone remodelling shapes the skeleton, repairs tiny flaws in bones, and helps maintain mineral homeostasis in the blood.